Also known as B chromosomes, these chromosomes are excess chromosomes resulting from unsuccessful meiotic divisions where resultant cells have extra chromosomes. A common reason for this happening is Non-Disjunction, where the split of chromosomes into daughter haploid cells is uneven in number.
Plants are characterized by having alternation of generations in their life cycles. This tutorial is a review of plant mitosis, meiosis, and alternation of generations. ..
This tutorial deals with the structure and function of flowers, fruits, and seeds. Also included here are the types of fruits, fruit dispersal mechanisms, and seed germination. The distinctions between dicots and monocots, the two major groups of flowering plants, are presented in this tutorial...
Humans are diploid creatures. This means that for every chromosome in the body, there is another one to match it. However, there are organisms that have more than two sets of chromosomes. The condition is called polyploidy. Know more about this topic through this tutorial...
Genes are expressed through the process of protein synthesis. This elaborate tutorial provides an in-depth review of the different steps of the biological production of protein starting from the gene up to the process of secretion. Also included are topics on DNA replication during interphase of the cell cycle, DNA mutation and repair mechanisms, gene pool, modification, and diseases...
Plant cells have plastids essential in photosynthesis. They also have an additional layer called cell wall on their cell exterior. Although animal cells lack these cell structures, both of them have nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, etc. Read this tutorial to learn plant cell structures and their roles in plants...
Humans are capable of only one mode of reproduction, i.e. sexual reproduction. Haploid sex cells (gametes) are produced so that at fertilization a diploid zygote forms. This tutorial is an in-depth study guide regarding male and female reproductive physiology...
