Animal cell culture
(Science: cell culture) Mammalian cells are fragile and harder to grow than other cell types, but their large-scale culturing is an economic boom because it allows for the production of proteins that are otherwise difficult or expensive or unethical to extract from living organisms.
The cells are immobilised on a substrate and then perfused with culture medium, The cells are in a free suspension which is very gently mixed and aerated.
Plant cells have plastids essential in photosynthesis. They also have an additional layer called cell wall on their cell exterior. Although animal cells lack these cell structures, both of them have nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, etc. Read this tutorial to learn plant cell structures and their roles in plants...
It only takes one biological cell to create an organism. A single cell is able to keep itself functional through its 'miniature machines' known as organelles. Read this tutorial to become familiar with the different cell structures and their functions...
A typical eukaryotic cell is comprised of cytoplasm with different organelles, such as nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and so on. The cellular contents are surrounded by a double layer, cell membrane. These cellular structures and cell junctions are elaborated in this tutorial...
Genes are expressed through the process of protein synthesis. This elaborate tutorial provides an in-depth review of the different steps of the biological production of protein starting from the gene up to the process of secretion. Also included are topics on DNA replication during interphase of the cell cycle, DNA mutation and repair mechanisms, gene pool, modification, and diseases...
Neurons generate electric signals that they pass along to the other neurons or target tissues. In this tutorial, you will find the basic structure of a neuron, the different classes of neurons, and membrane potentials. It also includes the structure of the nervous system...
Plants are characterized by having alternation of generations in their life cycles. This tutorial is a review of plant mitosis, meiosis, and alternation of generations. ..