proton-motive force
energy that is generated by the transfer of protons or electrons across an energy-transducing membrane and that can be used for chemical, osmotic, or mechanical work. Proton-motive force can be generated by a variety of phenomena including the operation of an electron transport chain, illumination of a purple membrane, and the hydrolysis of aTP by a proton atpase.
Animals adapt to their environment in aspects of anatomy, physiology, and behavior. This tutorial will help you understa..
Plants need to regulate water in order to stay upright and structurally stable. Find out the different evolutionary adap..
The water cycle (also referred to as the hydrological cycle) is a system of continuous transfer of water from the air, s..
Adaptation, in biology and ecology, refers to the process or trait through which organisms or the populations in a habit..
Plantlife can be studied at a variety of levels, from the molecular, genetic and biochemical level through organelles, c..
This tutorial digs into the past to investigate the origins of life. The section is split into geological periods in the..