Deoxyguanosine diphosphate Definition and Examples

Table of Contents

Definition

noun
plural: deoxyguanosine diphosphates
(biochemistry) A nucleotide composed of guanine, deoxyribose and two phosphate units, with a chemical formula: C₁₀H₁₅N₅O₁₀P₂

Details

Overview

A nucleotide is an organic compound made up of three subunits: a nucleobase, a five-carbon sugar, and a phosphate group. The sugar component may either be ribose or deoxyribose. The ribose is the sugar component of the nucleotides that make up RNA. The deoxyribose is the sugar component of DNA. Nucleotides are the monomeric units of nucleic acids. Each phosphate group connects the sugar rings of two adjacent nucleotide monomers. The phosphate groups and the sugar moieties form the backbone of a nucleic acid. The directionality of the chain runs from 5′-end to 3′-end. In DNA, the orientation of the two strands is in opposite directions. This is to allow complementary base pairing between nucleobase constituents. A nucleotide is, thus, a nucleoside with a phosphate group. Depending on the number of phosphate groups attached to the sugar moiety. It may be called nucleoside monophosphate (if with only one phosphate group), nucleoside diphosphate (with two phosphate groups), or nucleoside triphosphate (when with three phosphate groups). Depending on the pentose sugar component, a nucleoside may be a ribonucleoside or a deoxyribonucleoside. A ribonucleoside is a nucleoside with a ribose sugar component. (Depending on the nucleobase component, the ribonucleoside may be adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, uridine, or 5-methyluridine). A deoxyribonucleoside is a nucleoside with a deoxyribose sugar. Depending on the nucleobase component, a deoxyribonucleoside may be deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine, thymidine, or deoxyuridine. Also, depending on the nucleobase component, the nucleosides may be grouped into either the “double-ringed” purine or the “single-ringed” pyrimidine.
Deoxyguanosine diphosphate is a purine nucleotide composed of guanine, deoxyribose and two phosphate units, with a chemical formula: C₁₀H₁₅N₅O₁₀P₂

Characteristics

Deoxyguanosine diphosphate (dGDP) is a nucleoside phosphate in being comprised of a deoxyribonucleoside and two phosphate units. This means that it has a deoxyribose as its sugar constituent with two phosphate units attached. Its nucleoside contains a purine base, i.e. a guanine attached to the deoxyribose sugar.

dGDP vs GDP

Guanosine diphosphate (GDP) is a nucleotide composed of guanine, ribose and two phosphate units. It has a chemical formula of C₁₀H₁₅N₅O₁₁P₂. It differs from dGDP in terms of the sugar component. dGDP, instead of having a hydroxyl group on the 2′ carbon on the on pentose sugar as it is in GDP, has it reduced to a hydrogen atom (thus, deoxy- in its name).

Biological functions

dGDP is a metabolite. It has a role in purine metabolism. It is present in cytoplasm, mitochondria and nucleus of certain cells.¹

Supplementary

Abbreviation(s)

dGDP
deoxy-GDP

IUPAC name

(2R,3S,5R)-5-(2-Amino-6-oxo-3H-purin-9-yl)-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-ylmethyl phosphono hydrogen phosphate

Chemical formula

C₁₀H₁₅N₅O₁₀P₂

Synonyms

Deoxyguanosine diphosphoric acid

2′-Deoxyguanosine 5′-diphosphate

Human Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for dGDP (HMDB0000960). (2019). Retrieved from Hmdb.ca website ://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0000960 Link